THE PINK TRIANGLE ARCHIVE
Literature
A working bibliography of the scholarship on the persecution of pink triangle prisoners, for readers who want to go further. It is maintained as part of the doctoral research behind the Archive and extended as new work appears.
Giles, Geoffrey. "The Persecution of Gay Men and Lesbians during the Third Reich." In The Routledge History of the Holocaust, edited by J. C. Friedman, 385–96. Abingdon: Routledge, 2012.
Grau, Günter, and Claudia Schoppmann, eds. Hidden Holocaust? Gay and Lesbian Persecution in Germany 1933–45. Translated by Patrick Camiller. London: Cassell, 1995.
Hájková, Anna. People Without History Are Dust: Queer Desire in the Holocaust. Translated by William Ross Jones. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2025.
Jellonnek, Burkhard. Homosexuelle unter dem Hakenkreuz: Die Verfolgung von Homosexuellen im Dritten Reich. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 1990.
Ostrowska, Joanna. Jene: Homosexuelle während des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Translated by Beate Kosmala. Berlin: Metropol Verlag, 2023.
A selection; the full list follows in autumn 2027.
Champion, Lewis. "Analysing the Persecution of Men Interned on Charges Relating to Homosexuality in Nazi Concentration Camps Through Prisoner Records in the Arolsen Archives." Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals, published ahead of print, September 2026. https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906261477981.
Knoll, Albert. Totgeschlagen - totgeschwiegen: Die homosexuellen Häftlinge im KZ Dachau. Splitter: Materialien zur Geschichte der Homosexuellen in München und Bayern 4. Munich: Forum Homosexualität und Geschichte München e.V., 2000.
Lautmann, Rüdiger. "The Pink Triangle." Journal of Homosexuality 6, no. 1/2 (1981): 141–60.
Müller, Joachim, and Andreas Sternweiler. Homosexuelle Männer im KZ Sachsenhausen. Hamburg: Männerschwarm Verlag, 2015.
Röll, Wolfgang. "Homosexual Inmates in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp." Journal of Homosexuality 31, no. 4 (1996): 1–28.
Schuch, Daniel, and Jens-Christian Wagner, eds. Rosa Winkel: Als homosexuell verfolgte Häftlinge in den Konzentrationslagern Buchenwald und Mittelbau-Dora. Begleitband zur Wanderausstellung. Weimar: Stiftung Gedenkstätten Buchenwald und Mittelbau-Dora, 2023.
A selection; the full list follows in autumn 2027.
Blatman, Daniel. The Death Marches: The Final Phase of Nazi Genocide. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011.
Buggeln, Marc. Slave Labour in Nazi Concentration Camps. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Dillon, Christopher. Dachau and the SS: A Schooling in Violence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Wachsmann, Nikolaus. KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2015.
Weindling, Paul. Victims and Survivors of Nazi Human Experiments: Science and Suffering in the Holocaust. Kindle edition. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015.
A selection; the full list follows in autumn 2027.
Comité International de Dachau and Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site, eds. The Dachau Concentration Camp, 1933 to 1945: Text and Photo Documents from the Exhibition. 5th ed. Edited by Barbara Distel, Gabriele Hammermann, Stanislav Zámečník, Jürgen Zarusky, and Zdenek Zofka. Translated by Paul Bowman. Munich: Edition Lipp, 2005.
Freund, Florian, and Bertrand Perz. "Mauthausen-Stammlager." In Der Ort des Terrors: Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager, edited by Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel, and Angelika Königseder, Band 4, Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück, 293–346. Munich: C.H. Beck, 2006.
Skriebeleit, Jörg. "Flossenbürg-Stammlager." In Der Ort des Terrors: Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager, edited by Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel, and Angelika Königseder, Band 4, Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück, 17–66. Munich: C.H. Beck, 2006.
Steegmann, Robert. "Natzweiler–Stammlager." In Der Ort des Terrors: Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager, edited by Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel, and Angelika Königseder, Band 6, Natzweiler, Groß-Rosen, Stutthof, 23–47. Munich: C.H. Beck, 2007.
Stein, Harry, comp. Buchenwald Concentration Camp 1937–1945: A Guide to the Permanent Historical Exhibition. Edited by Gedenkstätte Buchenwald. Translated by Judith Rosenthal. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2004.
A selection; the full list follows in autumn 2027.
Heger, Heinz. The Men with the Pink Triangle: The True, Life-and-Death Story of Homosexuals in the Nazi Death Camps. Translated by David Fernbach. Boston: Alyson Publications, 1994.
Paul, Walter [Udo Dietmar]. Häftling …X… in der Hölle auf Erden. Weimar: Thüringer Volksverlag, 1948. First published 1946.
Seel, Pierre. I, Pierre Seel, Deported Homosexual: A Memoir of Nazi Terror. Translated by Joachim Neugroschel. Foreword by Gregory Woods. New York: Basic Books, 2011.
Walleitner, Hugo. Zebra: Ein Tatsachenbericht aus dem Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg. Bad Ischl: self-published, 1946.
A selection; the full list follows in autumn 2027.
Benz, Wolfgang. "In the Shadow of the Holocaust: Late Perception of Non-Jewish Victims and the Place of Homosexuals in Remembrance." In Nationalsozialistischer Terror gegen Homosexuelle: Verdrängt und ungesühnt, edited by Burkhard Jellonnek and Rüdiger Lautmann, 27–40. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2002.
Bollmann, Ulf. "Gemeinsam gegen das Vergessen – Stolpersteine für homosexuelle NS-Opfer: Perspektiven und Grenzen bei der Quellenrecherche aus Sicht einer Hamburger Forschungsinitiative." In Homosexuelle im Nationalsozialismus: Neue Forschungsperspektiven zu Lebenssituationen von lesbischen, schwulen, bi-, trans- und intersexuellen Menschen 1933 bis 1945, edited by Michael Schwartz, 129–34. Munich: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2014.
Hammermeister, Kai. "Inventing History: Toward a Gay Holocaust Literature." The German Quarterly 70, no. 1 (Winter 1997): 18–26.
Rahe, Thomas. "Formen des Gedenkens an die Verfolgung Homosexueller in den deutschen KZ-Gedenkstätten." In Homosexuelle in Konzentrationslagern, edited by Olaf Mußmann, 147–58. Berlin: Westkreuz-Verlag, 2000.
Stümke, Hans-Georg. "Wiedergutmachung an homosexuellen NS-Opfern von 1945 bis heute." In Nationalsozialistischer Terror gegen Homosexuelle: Verdrängt und ungesühnt, edited by Burkhard Jellonnek and Rüdiger Lautmann, 329–38. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2002.
A selection; the full list follows in autumn 2027.
Brown-Fleming, Suzanne. Nazi Persecution and Postwar Repercussions: The International Tracing Service Archive and Holocaust Research. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016.
Morris, R. J. "Document to Database and Spreadsheet." In Research Methods for History, edited by Simon Gunn and Lucy Faire, 2nd ed., 147–66. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016.
Stone, Dan. "On the Uses and Disadvantages of the Arolsen Archives for History." In Tracing and Documenting Nazi Victims Past and Present, edited by Henning Borggräfe, Christian Höschler, and Isabel Panek, 13–34. Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2020.
Stone, Dan. Fate Unknown: Tracing the Missing After World War II and the Holocaust. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023.
Waxman, Zoë. "Transcending History? Methodological Problems in Holocaust Testimony." In The Holocaust and Historical Methodology, edited by Dan Stone. Kindle edition. New York: Berghahn Books, 2012.
A selection; the full list follows in autumn 2027.